Natural enemies of herbivores maintain their biological control potential under short‐term exposure to future CO ₂ , temperature, and precipitation patterns

Climate change will profoundly alter the physiology and ecology of plants, insect herbivores, their natural enemies, resulting in strong effects on multitrophic interactions. Yet, manipulative studies that investigate direct combined impacts changes CO2, temperature, precipitation third trophic level remain rare. Here, we assessed how exposure to elevated increased decreased directly affect performance predation success species from four major groups herbivore enemies: an entomopathogenic nematode, a wolf spider, ladybug, parasitoid wasp. A four-day future climatic conditions (RCP 8.5), entailing 28% decrease precipitation, 3.4°C raise 400 ppm increase CO2 levels, slightly reduced survival nematodes, but had no effect other species. Predation was not negatively affected any tested species, it even for spiders nematodes. Factorial manipulation climate variables revealed positive soil moisture nematode infectivity, temperature or CO2. These results suggest enemies herbivores may be well adapted short-term conditions. findings provide mechanistic insights inform efforts disentangle complex interplay biotic abiotic factors drive climate-dependent interaction networks.